Chapter V · Work Permit

A new work-permit
regime, from 2026.

On 1 March 2026, Georgia (the country) introduced a new labour-migration framework through Government Resolution No. 70 and Law No. 1509. What was previously covered by residence permits and visas is now governed by a distinct work-permit regime. This page provides a structured overview of who is affected, the exemptions, and the application workflow.

SCOPE OF INFORMATION
This page provides general information about the labour-migration framework of Georgia (the country, Caucasus region). FRONTIER CAPITAL provides end-to-end work-permit and residence-permit application services, including document preparation, filing, and follow-up. For Japan-side tax matters (CFC rules, etc.), please consult a Japanese licensed tax accountant separately.
01 Overview

The 2026 reform
at a glance.

Until early 2026, foreign nationals holding a Georgian residence permit or visa could effectively engage in work without an explicit work authorisation. From 1 March 2026, that assumption no longer holds.

Two Acts

A two-stage reform

The reform consists of two legal instruments adopted in close sequence:

  • Government Resolution No. 70 (adopted 20 February 2026; effective 1 March 2026): establishes the basic framework of the new work-permit regime.
  • Law No. 1509 (adopted and published 15 April 2026): expands exemptions, introduces the C5 visa, and clarifies the transitional period.

Together, they restructure how foreign nationals may engage in employment and self-employment in Georgia.

Key Principle

Residence permit ≠ right to work

The core principle is that the right to reside and the right to work are now separated. With the exception of permanent residents, holders of certain investment-based permits, diplomats, and a small set of further categories, foreign nationals must hold both a work authorisation and a corresponding visa or residence permit.

Background

Why the reform

Before the reform, about 42,000 foreign nationals were officially registered in Georgia's labour-migration database, while estimates suggested that more than 200,000 foreigners were actually living and working in the country—most of them without formal labour registration. Closing this gap is the principal driver of the reform.

02 Who Needs It

Scope and
exemptions.

Who needs a work permit, and who does not. Law No. 1509 substantially broadened the list of exemptions.

01Required

Required categories

  • Labour immigrants: foreign nationals employed by a Georgian employer in paid positions
  • Self-employed: individual entrepreneurs (IE), freelancers, and other independent economic actors
  • Registered entrepreneurs: foreign nationals managing LLCs, JSCs, or other Georgian legal entities
  • Remote workers: foreign nationals working remotely for Georgian-registered startups
02Exempt

Exempt categories

  • Holders of a permanent residence permit
  • Holders of an investment residence permit based on investment of USD 300,000 or more in the Georgian economy
  • Diplomatic-mission staff and international-organisation personnel
  • Refugees and asylum seekers
  • International media representatives
  • Property owners (rentiers): foreign nationals deriving income solely from rental of Georgian property (clarified by Law No. 1509)
  • C5 visa holders: in respect of remote work performed for entities registered outside Georgia (within the scope of the visa)
03IT Track

A separate track for IT professionals

The reform introduces an IT Residence Permit as an independent pathway for foreign nationals in IT.

  • Eligibility: annual remuneration from IT labour or economic activity equivalent to USD 25,000 or more (in GEL)
  • Duration: up to three years
  • Application: filed with the Public Service Development Agency, separately from the standard work-permit route

This track reflects Georgia's positioning as a regional hub for digital and international IT talent.

03 Application Process

The application
workflow.

The standard workflow under the new regime is a two-stage process. This outline is for general orientation; individual cases should be discussed with a qualified professional.

Stage 1Right to Work

Stage 1 — Right to labour / entrepreneurial activity

The first step is to secure the right to perform labour or entrepreneurial activity.

  • Issuing authority: Employment Promotion State Agency, within the Ministry of Internally Displaced Persons from the Occupied Territories, Labour, Health, and Social Affairs
  • Submission: through the Ministry of Labour's electronic portal
  • Review period: up to 30 calendar days
  • Service fee: capped at 500 GEL (Law on Labor Migration, Article 13⁴(8))

Labour-market test: in most cases, the employer must first post the vacancy on the national job portal for at least 10 working days to demonstrate that no suitable local candidate is available.

Stage 2Visa / Residence

Stage 2 — D1 visa or residence permit

After the right to work is granted, the foreign national must obtain one of the following to exercise that right in practice.

  • D1 immigration visa: if outside Georgia, applied for at a Georgian embassy or consulate within 30 calendar days of receiving the right to work
  • Work residence permit: if already inside Georgia
  • IT residence permit: if eligible under the IT track

The appropriate path depends on current location, the nature of the activity, and the intended duration of stay.

DocsRequired Documents

Documents typically required

The following are commonly required at Stage 1. Additional documents may be requested depending on the case.

  • Scan or photograph of the passport
  • A short CV in free form
  • IE certificate (for self-employed applicants) — available from the Revenue Service personal account, or via the "Announcements" section
  • Employment contract (for employed applicants)
  • Company registration documents (for company managers)
  • Activity certificate including the NACE code
04 Transitional Period

Transitional measures
and deadlines.

The reform is being phased in, with category-specific deadlines for regularisation.

Deadlines

Deadlines by category

  • Self-employed, freelancers, individual entrepreneurs (IE): must obtain a work permit by 1 May 2026
  • Salaried employees: must obtain a work permit by 1 January 2027
  • Persons already registered in Georgia's labour-migration database as of 1 March 2026: must regularise status by 1 January 2027

During the transitional period, existing status may continue, but after the relevant deadline, working without authorisation triggers fines.

Penalties

Penalty structure

  • Working or running a business without authorisation: fines starting at 2,000 GEL
  • Employer failure to report contract termination, modification, or extension within the prescribed period: 1,000 GEL
  • Since September 2025, a tiered fine structure for visa overstay violations is also in place
05 C5 Visa

The new C5 visa
and digital-nomad track.

Law No. 1509 introduces a new visa category designed for remote workers.

C5 Visa

C5 visa essentials

  • Validity: five years
  • Maximum continuous stay: up to one year
  • Purpose: tourism, short-term stays, and remote work for companies registered outside Georgia
  • Coverage: applicant + spouse + minor children
  • Fee: USD 20 to USD 500, depending on category and nationality

The visa is positioned as a tool to attract high-earning remote professionals to Georgia. It may apply, for example, to a foreign national working remotely for a non-Georgian employer while residing in Georgia.

Note: the government retains discretion, in certain cases, to refuse a visa without stating the reasons, and decisions based on migration policy may not be subject to appeal.

06 Residency Update

Investment-residency
threshold changes.

In parallel with the work-permit reform, minimum thresholds for investment-based residency have been revised.

Real Estate Threshold

Real-estate-based residency

From 2026, the minimum threshold for obtaining residency via real-estate investment has been raised.

  • Previously: USD 100,000
  • From 2026: USD 150,000

The change is intended to discourage speculative property acquisition and attract more stable, longer-term investors.

Investment Residence

Investment-residency (work-permit exempt)

If a foreign national invests USD 300,000 or more in the Georgian economy and obtains an investment-residence permit, a work permit is not required. This is one of the key exemptions in the new regime.

07 FAQ

Frequently asked questions.

Q1. I already hold a residence permit. Do I still need a work permit?

Yes, in principle. Holders of standard residence permits (i.e., other than permanent residency) generally need a separate work authorisation. Exceptions apply to investment-residency holders (USD 300,000+), IT-residency holders, and certain other categories.

Q2. I work remotely for a Japanese (non-Georgian) company. What applies to me?

If the employing entity is registered outside Georgia, the C5 visa is a relevant option. It is valid for five years, allowing continuous stays of up to one year, and does not require a Georgian work permit for the in-scope remote work. Note that Georgian tax-residency status is a separate question and depends on facts such as length of stay and centre of vital interests.

Q3. Do founders of a Georgian LLC need a work permit?

Yes, as a rule. Managing a Georgian-registered legal entity is treated as economic activity within Georgia and falls within the scope of the work-permit regime—unless the founder is an investment-residency holder or otherwise exempt.

Q4. Is a lawyer required to apply?

Not as a matter of law. The application portal is accessible to individuals. However, document preparation, the labour-market test, and the interpretation of exemption categories often benefit from the assistance of a local attorney or administrative specialist.

Q5. Can a rejection be appealed?

Administrative-law appeals are generally available. That said, under Law No. 1509, certain decisions made on migration-policy grounds may not be subject to appeal. Specific disputes should be discussed with a local attorney.

Q6. What about spouses and dependents?

Spouses and minor children of work-permit holders may apply separately for residency through family reunification. Under the C5 visa, the spouse and minor children are covered within the scope of the visa itself.

08 Our Support

FRONTIER CAPITAL —
scope of our support.

What we provide, and what we explicitly do not, in respect of the work-permit regime.

What we provide

Our services

  • End-to-end work-permit and residence-permit application: document preparation, filing, portal handling, and follow-up
  • Route assessment and optimal-path proposal: across six routes (investment residence, IT residence, standard work permit, C5 visa, etc.)
  • A structured explanation of the framework and ongoing updates
  • Document preparation, notarisation, and apostille support
  • Integrated design with company formation, taxation, and banking
  • Referral to partnered local attorneys when appeals or administrative disputes arise
Out of scope

Out of scope

  • Court representation and criminal matters — reserved for Georgian advocates (we refer to partnered counsel as needed)
  • Japan-side tax advisory (CFC rules, residency determination, etc.) — reserved for Japanese certified tax accountants
  • Investment advice on Japan side — we are not registered as an investment-advisory firm under Japan's Financial Instruments and Exchange Act
Consulting

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